{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "reviewed": "2026-09-21",
  "provider": "European Commission Joint Research Centre, PVGIS",
  "version": "5.3",
  "radiationDatabase": "PVGIS-SARAH3",
  "period": "2005–2023",
  "sourceResolution": "Approximately 5 km solar-radiation grid; not rooftop resolution",
  "rightsUrl": "https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/photovoltaic-geographical-information-system-pvgis/general-information/usage-conditions-data-protection_en",
  "manualUrl": "https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/photovoltaic-geographical-information-system-pvgis/using-pvgis-5/pvgis-5-user-manual_en",
  "apiUrl": "https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/photovoltaic-geographical-information-system-pvgis/using-pvgis-5/api-non-interactive-service_en",
  "model": {
    "peakPowerKw": 1,
    "technology": "crystalline silicon",
    "systemLossPercent": 14,
    "terrainHorizon": true,
    "propertyShadeModelled": false
  },
  "site": {
    "name": "Isle of Man",
    "place": "Douglas",
    "point": {
      "lat": 54.15,
      "lon": -4.48
    },
    "scenarios": [
      {
        "id": "south-35",
        "label": "South-facing · 35° tilt",
        "angle": 35,
        "aspect": 0,
        "mounting": "free",
        "sourceUrl": "https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/api/v5_3/PVcalc?lat=54.15&lon=-4.48&peakpower=1&loss=14&angle=35&aspect=0&pvtechchoice=crystSi&mountingplace=free&raddatabase=PVGIS-SARAH3&usehorizon=1&outputformat=json",
        "annualKwh": 1033.7,
        "annualVariationKwh": 35.34,
        "annualIrradiationKwhM2": 1249.08,
        "totalLossPercent": -17.24,
        "months": [
          {
            "month": 1,
            "energyKwh": 29.92,
            "dailyKwh": 0.97,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 35.19,
            "variationKwh": 5.41
          },
          {
            "month": 2,
            "energyKwh": 50.61,
            "dailyKwh": 1.81,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 59.02,
            "variationKwh": 8.81
          },
          {
            "month": 3,
            "energyKwh": 87.92,
            "dailyKwh": 2.84,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 102.85,
            "variationKwh": 10.51
          },
          {
            "month": 4,
            "energyKwh": 123.66,
            "dailyKwh": 4.12,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 147.27,
            "variationKwh": 14.45
          },
          {
            "month": 5,
            "energyKwh": 142.21,
            "dailyKwh": 4.59,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 172.2,
            "variationKwh": 12.44
          },
          {
            "month": 6,
            "energyKwh": 137.2,
            "dailyKwh": 4.57,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 169.05,
            "variationKwh": 13.93
          },
          {
            "month": 7,
            "energyKwh": 133.12,
            "dailyKwh": 4.29,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 164.85,
            "variationKwh": 14.28
          },
          {
            "month": 8,
            "energyKwh": 119.78,
            "dailyKwh": 3.86,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 146.85,
            "variationKwh": 10.76
          },
          {
            "month": 9,
            "energyKwh": 92.27,
            "dailyKwh": 3.08,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 111.85,
            "variationKwh": 8.91
          },
          {
            "month": 10,
            "energyKwh": 59.76,
            "dailyKwh": 1.93,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 71.54,
            "variationKwh": 8.05
          },
          {
            "month": 11,
            "energyKwh": 34.59,
            "dailyKwh": 1.15,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 41.27,
            "variationKwh": 6.05
          },
          {
            "month": 12,
            "energyKwh": 22.66,
            "dailyKwh": 0.73,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 27.14,
            "variationKwh": 4.31
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "east-35",
        "label": "East-facing · 35° tilt",
        "angle": 35,
        "aspect": -90,
        "mounting": "free",
        "sourceUrl": "https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/api/v5_3/PVcalc?lat=54.15&lon=-4.48&peakpower=1&loss=14&angle=35&aspect=-90&pvtechchoice=crystSi&mountingplace=free&raddatabase=PVGIS-SARAH3&usehorizon=1&outputformat=json",
        "annualKwh": 785.03,
        "annualVariationKwh": 28.31,
        "annualIrradiationKwhM2": 968.94,
        "totalLossPercent": -18.98,
        "months": [
          {
            "month": 1,
            "energyKwh": 13.26,
            "dailyKwh": 0.43,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 18.25,
            "variationKwh": 1.72
          },
          {
            "month": 2,
            "energyKwh": 27.67,
            "dailyKwh": 0.99,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 34.81,
            "variationKwh": 3.65
          },
          {
            "month": 3,
            "energyKwh": 60.61,
            "dailyKwh": 1.96,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 72.7,
            "variationKwh": 6.63
          },
          {
            "month": 4,
            "energyKwh": 96.26,
            "dailyKwh": 3.21,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 115.46,
            "variationKwh": 10.31
          },
          {
            "month": 5,
            "energyKwh": 121.29,
            "dailyKwh": 3.91,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 146.93,
            "variationKwh": 10.46
          },
          {
            "month": 6,
            "energyKwh": 120.87,
            "dailyKwh": 4.03,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 149.01,
            "variationKwh": 12.7
          },
          {
            "month": 7,
            "energyKwh": 116.13,
            "dailyKwh": 3.75,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 144.14,
            "variationKwh": 10.61
          },
          {
            "month": 8,
            "energyKwh": 98.56,
            "dailyKwh": 3.18,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 121.57,
            "variationKwh": 8.36
          },
          {
            "month": 9,
            "energyKwh": 66.74,
            "dailyKwh": 2.22,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 82.49,
            "variationKwh": 5.65
          },
          {
            "month": 10,
            "energyKwh": 37.19,
            "dailyKwh": 1.2,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 46.89,
            "variationKwh": 4.61
          },
          {
            "month": 11,
            "energyKwh": 17,
            "dailyKwh": 0.57,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 22.92,
            "variationKwh": 2.39
          },
          {
            "month": 12,
            "energyKwh": 9.43,
            "dailyKwh": 0.3,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 13.76,
            "variationKwh": 1.29
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "west-35",
        "label": "West-facing · 35° tilt",
        "angle": 35,
        "aspect": 90,
        "mounting": "free",
        "sourceUrl": "https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/api/v5_3/PVcalc?lat=54.15&lon=-4.48&peakpower=1&loss=14&angle=35&aspect=90&pvtechchoice=crystSi&mountingplace=free&raddatabase=PVGIS-SARAH3&usehorizon=1&outputformat=json",
        "annualKwh": 825.16,
        "annualVariationKwh": 26.16,
        "annualIrradiationKwhM2": 1016.26,
        "totalLossPercent": -18.8,
        "months": [
          {
            "month": 1,
            "energyKwh": 12.95,
            "dailyKwh": 0.42,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 17.83,
            "variationKwh": 1.68
          },
          {
            "month": 2,
            "energyKwh": 28.69,
            "dailyKwh": 1.02,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 35.96,
            "variationKwh": 3.92
          },
          {
            "month": 3,
            "energyKwh": 62.29,
            "dailyKwh": 2.01,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 74.77,
            "variationKwh": 5.88
          },
          {
            "month": 4,
            "energyKwh": 100.36,
            "dailyKwh": 3.35,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 120.32,
            "variationKwh": 10.14
          },
          {
            "month": 5,
            "energyKwh": 129.11,
            "dailyKwh": 4.16,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 156.19,
            "variationKwh": 10.76
          },
          {
            "month": 6,
            "energyKwh": 129.94,
            "dailyKwh": 4.33,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 159.69,
            "variationKwh": 12.65
          },
          {
            "month": 7,
            "energyKwh": 123.44,
            "dailyKwh": 3.98,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 152.83,
            "variationKwh": 13.21
          },
          {
            "month": 8,
            "energyKwh": 102.99,
            "dailyKwh": 3.32,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 126.89,
            "variationKwh": 7.73
          },
          {
            "month": 9,
            "energyKwh": 71.64,
            "dailyKwh": 2.39,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 88.12,
            "variationKwh": 6.13
          },
          {
            "month": 10,
            "energyKwh": 38.34,
            "dailyKwh": 1.24,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 48.27,
            "variationKwh": 4.27
          },
          {
            "month": 11,
            "energyKwh": 16.71,
            "dailyKwh": 0.56,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 22.53,
            "variationKwh": 2.13
          },
          {
            "month": 12,
            "energyKwh": 8.68,
            "dailyKwh": 0.28,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 12.86,
            "variationKwh": 0.98
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "south-15",
        "label": "South-facing · 15° tilt",
        "angle": 15,
        "aspect": 0,
        "mounting": "free",
        "sourceUrl": "https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/api/v5_3/PVcalc?lat=54.15&lon=-4.48&peakpower=1&loss=14&angle=15&aspect=0&pvtechchoice=crystSi&mountingplace=free&raddatabase=PVGIS-SARAH3&usehorizon=1&outputformat=json",
        "annualKwh": 962.47,
        "annualVariationKwh": 30.43,
        "annualIrradiationKwhM2": 1172.31,
        "totalLossPercent": -17.9,
        "months": [
          {
            "month": 1,
            "energyKwh": 21.11,
            "dailyKwh": 0.68,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 26.49,
            "variationKwh": 3.32
          },
          {
            "month": 2,
            "energyKwh": 39.33,
            "dailyKwh": 1.4,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 47.36,
            "variationKwh": 6.04
          },
          {
            "month": 3,
            "energyKwh": 76.68,
            "dailyKwh": 2.47,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 90.6,
            "variationKwh": 8.35
          },
          {
            "month": 4,
            "energyKwh": 116.63,
            "dailyKwh": 3.89,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 138.92,
            "variationKwh": 12.62
          },
          {
            "month": 5,
            "energyKwh": 142.39,
            "dailyKwh": 4.59,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 171.84,
            "variationKwh": 12
          },
          {
            "month": 6,
            "energyKwh": 140.91,
            "dailyKwh": 4.7,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 173.03,
            "variationKwh": 14
          },
          {
            "month": 7,
            "energyKwh": 135.37,
            "dailyKwh": 4.37,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 167.16,
            "variationKwh": 13.97
          },
          {
            "month": 8,
            "energyKwh": 116.59,
            "dailyKwh": 3.76,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 142.87,
            "variationKwh": 9.71
          },
          {
            "month": 9,
            "energyKwh": 83.39,
            "dailyKwh": 2.78,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 101.74,
            "variationKwh": 7.32
          },
          {
            "month": 10,
            "energyKwh": 49.22,
            "dailyKwh": 1.59,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 60.3,
            "variationKwh": 6.09
          },
          {
            "month": 11,
            "energyKwh": 25.35,
            "dailyKwh": 0.84,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 31.87,
            "variationKwh": 3.9
          },
          {
            "month": 12,
            "energyKwh": 15.5,
            "dailyKwh": 0.5,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 20.13,
            "variationKwh": 2.54
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "south-60",
        "label": "South-facing · 60° tilt",
        "angle": 60,
        "aspect": 0,
        "mounting": "free",
        "sourceUrl": "https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/api/v5_3/PVcalc?lat=54.15&lon=-4.48&peakpower=1&loss=14&angle=60&aspect=0&pvtechchoice=crystSi&mountingplace=free&raddatabase=PVGIS-SARAH3&usehorizon=1&outputformat=json",
        "annualKwh": 991.17,
        "annualVariationKwh": 36.78,
        "annualIrradiationKwhM2": 1194.18,
        "totalLossPercent": -17,
        "months": [
          {
            "month": 1,
            "energyKwh": 35.85,
            "dailyKwh": 1.16,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 41.3,
            "variationKwh": 6.98
          },
          {
            "month": 2,
            "energyKwh": 56.87,
            "dailyKwh": 2.03,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 65.71,
            "variationKwh": 10.69
          },
          {
            "month": 3,
            "energyKwh": 90.06,
            "dailyKwh": 2.91,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 105.19,
            "variationKwh": 11.5
          },
          {
            "month": 4,
            "energyKwh": 116.95,
            "dailyKwh": 3.9,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 139.45,
            "variationKwh": 14.52
          },
          {
            "month": 5,
            "energyKwh": 125.4,
            "dailyKwh": 4.05,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 152.22,
            "variationKwh": 11.24
          },
          {
            "month": 6,
            "energyKwh": 117.23,
            "dailyKwh": 3.91,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 145.02,
            "variationKwh": 11.95
          },
          {
            "month": 7,
            "energyKwh": 115.48,
            "dailyKwh": 3.73,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 143.64,
            "variationKwh": 12.52
          },
          {
            "month": 8,
            "energyKwh": 109.56,
            "dailyKwh": 3.53,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 134.71,
            "variationKwh": 10.47
          },
          {
            "month": 9,
            "energyKwh": 91.34,
            "dailyKwh": 3.04,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 110.73,
            "variationKwh": 9.51
          },
          {
            "month": 10,
            "energyKwh": 64.34,
            "dailyKwh": 2.08,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 76.5,
            "variationKwh": 9.19
          },
          {
            "month": 11,
            "energyKwh": 40.48,
            "dailyKwh": 1.35,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 47.49,
            "variationKwh": 7.62
          },
          {
            "month": 12,
            "energyKwh": 27.62,
            "dailyKwh": 0.89,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 32.22,
            "variationKwh": 5.67
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "south-35-integrated",
        "label": "South-facing · 35° · building-integrated",
        "angle": 35,
        "aspect": 0,
        "mounting": "building",
        "sourceUrl": "https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/api/v5_3/PVcalc?lat=54.15&lon=-4.48&peakpower=1&loss=14&angle=35&aspect=0&pvtechchoice=crystSi&mountingplace=building&raddatabase=PVGIS-SARAH3&usehorizon=1&outputformat=json",
        "annualKwh": 1004.11,
        "annualVariationKwh": 33.88,
        "annualIrradiationKwhM2": 1249.08,
        "totalLossPercent": -19.61,
        "months": [
          {
            "month": 1,
            "energyKwh": 29.44,
            "dailyKwh": 0.95,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 35.19,
            "variationKwh": 5.29
          },
          {
            "month": 2,
            "energyKwh": 49.52,
            "dailyKwh": 1.77,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 59.02,
            "variationKwh": 8.54
          },
          {
            "month": 3,
            "energyKwh": 85.63,
            "dailyKwh": 2.76,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 102.85,
            "variationKwh": 10.1
          },
          {
            "month": 4,
            "energyKwh": 119.73,
            "dailyKwh": 3.99,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 147.27,
            "variationKwh": 13.72
          },
          {
            "month": 5,
            "energyKwh": 137.54,
            "dailyKwh": 4.44,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 172.2,
            "variationKwh": 11.71
          },
          {
            "month": 6,
            "energyKwh": 132.63,
            "dailyKwh": 4.42,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 169.05,
            "variationKwh": 13.18
          },
          {
            "month": 7,
            "energyKwh": 128.91,
            "dailyKwh": 4.16,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 164.85,
            "variationKwh": 13.41
          },
          {
            "month": 8,
            "energyKwh": 116.2,
            "dailyKwh": 3.75,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 146.85,
            "variationKwh": 10.29
          },
          {
            "month": 9,
            "energyKwh": 89.78,
            "dailyKwh": 2.99,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 111.85,
            "variationKwh": 8.52
          },
          {
            "month": 10,
            "energyKwh": 58.44,
            "dailyKwh": 1.89,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 71.54,
            "variationKwh": 7.75
          },
          {
            "month": 11,
            "energyKwh": 33.97,
            "dailyKwh": 1.13,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 41.27,
            "variationKwh": 5.89
          },
          {
            "month": 12,
            "energyKwh": 22.32,
            "dailyKwh": 0.72,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 27.14,
            "variationKwh": 4.2
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "calculation": "All raw energy outputs are for 1 kWp. Displayed size examples multiply energy and variability by the selected kWp; irradiation per square metre is not scaled.",
  "limitations": "One regional example point, not a property or parish assessment. Terrain horizon only, not surveyed roof shading. Historical model variation is not a forecast or confidence interval."
}